REDES DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA E A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL: IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE TENDÊNCIAS E LACUNAS COM APOIO EM ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Palabras clave:
Modelagem hidráulica, Smart water, Information model, BIMResumen
Devido ao caráter dinâmico dos sistemas de distribuição de água, recomenda-se que seu gerenciamento operacional seja apoiado em modelagem hidráulica, a qual é preconizada pela ABNT NBR 12.218/2017 como instrumento de planejamento e operação. Modelos hidráulicos são ferramentas capazes de representar em simulações o comportamento do sistema, conforme sua configuração física, lógica e topológica, possibilitando analisar suas condições atuais e fazer previsões. Para se atingir o fim de gerenciamento operacional apoiado em modelagem, e não só a aplicação pontual de modelos para análises específicas, a qualidade do cadastro de ativos, recursos de monitoramento em tempo real, análise de dados, modelos de previsão e de detecção de anomalias se mostram cada vez mais relevantes. Dados a NBR 12.218, o decreto nº 9.9.83, de 2019, que coloca como meta a implementação do Building Information Modeling (BIM) para obras e serviços de engenharia, e o decreto nº 10.306, que prevê, a partir de 2028, o seu uso para fins de operação e manutenção dos empreendimentos, almejou-se investigar as relações entre essas ferramentas no contexto da transformação digital do saneamento com foco em redes de distribuição de água. Para tanto, foi conduzida uma revisão bibliométrica de literatura embasada em três eixos de pesquisa e agregando 114 artigos: 1) Modelagem hidráulica e gerenciamento operacional; 2) Modelos de informação e redes de distribuição; 3) Smart water e conceitos correlatos. Dentre os principais resultados, observou-se que, entre 2015 e 2016, o foco das pesquisas começa a migrar de assuntos mais voltados a modelagem hidráulica e métodos de calibração para abordagens mais dinâmicas, com monitoramento em tempo real, segurança cibernética e smart water, evidenciando-se grande interesse em medição inteligente e uso de tecnologias de Internet das Coisas. Notou-se prevalência de estudos voltados a soluções técnicas abordando sistemas benchmark, considerando sistemas já calibrados e com parâmetros hidráulicos bem conhecidos, e um distanciamento da pesquisa em relação às necessidades práticas de prestadores de serviços, como casos de negócio evidenciando as vantagens e oportunidades de retorno de investimentos em tecnologias digitais.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Ligia Ferreira, Cali Laguna Achon
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